Apollo 1 Plugs-Out Test Fire - ESA CAVES in Sardinia and Planck

From Apollo 1's fatal plugs-out test to ESA's underground CAVES training and Planck's sky map, this Trajectory episode shows how hard lessons drive spaceflight progress. NASA moved from Mercury into the clustered-tank Saturn I and the improved Saturn IB, pioneering all-up testing with a Block 1 Apo…